Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb loj heev ntawm optics thiab laser technology, laser chaw, raws li ib tug intuitive sawv cev ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm laser beam thiab teeb meem, tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug kub lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb, tab sis kuj yog ib tug tseem ceeb lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv ntau high-tech daim ntawv thov teb. Cov kab lus no yuav pib los ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm laser chaw thiab tshawb nrhiav nws cov txheej txheem tsim, kev tsom xam tus yam ntxwv, kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis, kev ntsuas kev ntsuas thiab kev siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Basic tswvyim
Tsim mechanism
Cov yam ntxwv tsom xam
1. Basic tswvyim ntawm laser chaw
Laser, raws li ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj inventions ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tau pom muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv scientific kev tshawb fawb, kev lag luam, tshuaj, tub rog thiab lwm yam teb nrog nws plaub yam ntxwv ntawm brightness, siab directivity, siab monochromaticity thiab siab coherence. Laser chaw hais txog qhov chaw ci ntsa iab tsim ntawm ib lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb tom qab lub laser beam tau mus txog qhov deb. Nws yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm lub zog laser faib.
2. Tsim mechanism ntawm laser chaw
Qhov tsim ntawm laser chaw yog ib txoj kev kho qhov muag, uas muaj ntau yam phenomena xws li diffraction, scattering, cuam tshuam ntawm laser beam thiab nqus thiab reflection ntawm lub teeb los ntawm teeb meem. Thaum lub laser beam tawm ntawm lub laser, nws wavefront yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm tej yam xws li huab cua cuam tshuam thiab nruab nrab inhomogeneity thaum propagating nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, ua rau ib tug tej yam degree ntawm diffusion ntawm lub beam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum lub laser beam yog irradiated rau lub hom phiaj nto, nws yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam, tawg thiab lwm yam tshwm sim raws li tus nto roughness, cov khoom thiab lwm yam ntxwv, thiab thaum kawg tsim ib qho chaw nrog ib tug tej yam zoo li thiab loj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. .
3. Cov yam ntxwv tsom xam ntawm laser chaw
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw laser feem ntau suav nrog qhov loj me, cov duab, kev faib tawm ci ntsa iab thiab lub sijhawm hloov pauv hloov pauv. Cov yam ntxwv no tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub laser nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj muaj feem xyuam rau ntau yam xws li kev nthuav tawm nruab nrab, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab kev ntsuas.
1). Qhov loj me
Qhov chaw loj yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb los ntsuas qhov degree ntawm laser beam diffusion, feem ntau qhia los ntawm txoj kab uas hla lossis thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm qhov chaw muaj feem xyuam rau yam xws li lub divergence lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub laser beam, propagation nrug thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov chaw tau txais. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw dawb propagation, qhov me dua lub divergence lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub laser beam, qhov luv luv ntawm propagation nrug, thiab qhov ze ntawm qhov chaw tau txais yog rau qhov tsom, qhov chaw me me.
2). Spot puab
Cov duab ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov cross-sectional duab ntawm lub laser beam thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hom phiaj nto. Rau ib qho zoo tagnrho cov kab teeb, qhov chaw feem ntau yog ncig los yog elliptical. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev siv tswv yim, vim muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob laser, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub hom phiaj nto, qhov chaw zoo feem ntau distors.
3). Kev faib tawm brightness
Qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov chaw laser yog hais txog kev faib cov txheeb ze ntawm lub teeb siv ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv qhov chaw. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov chaw laser yuav tsum yog Gaussian, uas yog, lub teeb siv zog yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw thiab maj mam tsis muaj zog rau ntawm ntug. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj ntau yam, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov chaw tiag tiag yuav txawv ntawm Gaussian kev faib tawm thiab nthuav tawm ntau daim ntawv.
4). Lub sijhawm dynamic hloov pauv
Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm laser yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov chaw, qhov tshwm sim flickering, thiab lub sijhawm daws teeb meem yam ntxwv. Lub chaw ruaj khov laser yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas siab thiab ua tiav; thaum lub flickering phenomenon tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm tej yam xws li instability ntawm lub laser nyob rau hauv thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud ib puag ncig, cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw.
4. Laser chaw tswj tshuab
Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm laser qhov chaw thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov sib txawv, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau yam kev tswj hwm laser chaw. Cov thev naus laus zis no feem ntau suav nrog beam shaping, hom hloov pauv, theem hloov kho thiab hloov kho qhov muag.
1). Beam shaping
Beam shaping thev naus laus zis ua tiav qhov kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov duab sib luag thiab lub zog faib ntawm cov nqaj laser. Cov kab teeb pom kev zoo ib yam suav nrog kev siv cov duab tshwj xeeb apertures, pawg lens thiab spatial light modulators. Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qhov tsis sib xws thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv no, cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem hloov kho kom haum raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov sib txawv.
2). Hom kev hloov pauv
Hom hloov tshuab siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm transverse hom ntawm laser beam kom ua tiav qhov hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm laser beam hom los ntawm kev hloov lub resonant kab noj hniav qauv ntawm lub laser los yog qhia lwm yam perturbations. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev kho cov geometry ntawm lub resonant kab noj hniav thiab curvature vojvoog ntawm lub reflector thiab lwm yam tsis, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb laser yuav hloov mus rau hauv high-order hom laser; los yog los ntawm kev qhia cov xov xwm nonlinear kom ua tiav kev sib txuas thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv. Hom kev hloov dua siab tshiab thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog hloov cov duab thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho lub zog ceev thiab kev ncaj qha ntawm lub teeb ci laser.
3). Phase modulation
Phase modulation tshuab ua tiav kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm qhov chaw zoo thiab qhov ci ntsa iab los ntawm kev hloov cov theem faib ntawm cov nqaj laser. Cov txheej txheem kev hloov kho theem feem ntau suav nrog kev siv cov phaj phaj, kua siv lead ua lub teeb pom kev zoo, thiab cov holography digital. Cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem qhia txog cov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb hauv txoj kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub teeb ci laser, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tau txais qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej, yog li tsim ib qho chaw uas muaj cov duab tshwj xeeb thiab ci ntsa iab.
4). Kev kho qhov muag optics
Adaptive optics technology yog ib qho cuab yeej siv siab heev uas tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas thiab kho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kho qhov muag hauv lub sijhawm. Nws ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub laser beam thaum lub sij hawm nthuav tawm, thiab siv cov khoom xws li cov iav deformable los kho thiab kho cov nqaj hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag los xyuas kom meej qhov ruaj khov thiab zoo ntawm qhov chaw. Adaptive optics technology muaj dav daim ntawv thov kev cia siab nyob rau hauv astronomical soj ntsuam, laser kev sib txuas lus, high-precision ua thiab lwm yam teb.
5. Daim ntawv thov teb ntawm laser chaw
Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm laser technology, laser chaw tau qhia dav daim ntawv thov nqi nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb. Cov hauv qab no yog qee yam ntawm cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb:
1). Laser ua
Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm laser ua, cov duab, loj thiab brightness tis ntawm lub laser chaw ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov zoo thiab efficiency ntawm kev ua. Los ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw laser, kev txiav txim siab siab, drilling, vuam thiab kev kho saum npoo tuaj yeem ua tiav. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam automotive kev lag luam, laser txiav tshuab tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ua txoj kev; nyob rau hauv kev lag luam electronics, laser drilling tshuab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv chip manufacturing thiab ntim.
2). Kev kho mob laser
Hauv kev kho mob laser, kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm laser chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tiav kev kho mob. Los ntawm kev kho qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm qhov chaw laser, qhov tseeb irradiation thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm thaj chaw lesion tuaj yeem ua tiav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob. Piv txwv li, laser photocoagulation tshuab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm retinal kab mob nyob rau hauv ophthalmic phais; laser freckle tshem tawm tshuab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij thiab wrinkles hauv kev kho dermatological.
3). Laser kev sib txuas lus
Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev sib txuas lus laser, kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw laser ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Los ntawm optimizing tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub laser chaw, lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev sib kis efficiency ntawm kev sib txuas lus txuas yuav raug txhim kho. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv satellite kev sib txuas lus, laser kev sib txuas lus technology tau attracted ntau mloog vim nws high bandwidth thiab tsawg latency; nyob rau hauv qhov chaw dawb ntawm kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag, qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw laser yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tiav kev sib txuas lus ntev-ntev.
4). Kev tshawb fawb
Laser qhov chaw kuj tau siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Piv txwv li, hauv kev sim kho qhov muag, cov chaw laser tuaj yeem siv los ua lub teeb pom kev zoo los soj ntsuam thiab kawm ntau yam xwm txheej kho qhov muag; Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm quantum optics, cov coherence thiab polarization yam ntxwv ntawm laser me ntsis tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb txhais tau tias los kawm txog tej teeb meem xws li quantum entanglement thiab quantum kev sib txuas lus.
6. Cov lus xaus
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm laser technology, laser me ntsis tau qhia dav daim ntawv thov kev cia siab thiab loj loj loj hlob muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb. Nrog rau kev vam meej tas mus li thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, laser chaw tswj kev siv tshuab yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab txhim kho; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim ntawv thov tshiab yuav tshwm sim txuas ntxiv mus txhaj tshuaj tshiab tseem ceeb thiab kev txhawb zog rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuab laser. Peb muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias yav tom ntej, laser chaw tshuab yuav txuas ntxiv ua tus qauv tsim kho tshiab ntawm optics thiab laser technology thiab pab txhawb kev txawj ntse thiab lub zog ntxiv rau kev nce qib thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg lub neej.
Peb qhov chaw nyob
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