Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub laser
(1) qhov atomic tseeb.
Muaj tsuas yog hais txog 100 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov atoms hauv lub ntiaj teb.Txhua yam peb pom yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov 100 lossis yog li ntawd atoms hauv txoj kev ua tau zoo heev.Qhov kev npaj ntawm cov atoms txiav txim siab qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khob dej, cov hlau lossis cov npuas hauv ib dej qab zib taub mis! ib tug atom yog ib tug perpetual motion.They co, txav thiab tig, thiab txawm lub atoms hais tias ua li peb cov rooj zaum tas li moving.Solid yog yeej tsiv! atoms muaj ntau ntau yam excitation lub xeev, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lawv muaj ntau energies .Yog hais tias lub atom yog endowed nrog txaus lub zog, nws muaj peev xwm nce mus los ntawm qhov av xeev zog rau tus pog xeev zog level.The zog ntawm tus pog xeev yog nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas ntau zog yog muab rau atoms los ntawm tshav kub zog, lub teeb lub zog, thiab hluav taws xob.
(2) lub ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm atoms tsim cov lasers.
Xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov atom.Even uas niaj hnub technology, peb yuav' t saib lub discrete orbitals ntawm electrons, tab sis nws Gg # 39; s yuav pab tau mus xav seb cov orbitals li atoms nyob rau hauv txawv zog levels.In lwm yam lus , yog hais tias peb rhuab lub atoms, ib co ntawm cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub tsawg-zog orbitals yuav tau zoo siab heev thiab dhia mus rau ib tug ntau dua lub zog orbit farther los ntawm cov nucleus.Although no piav qhia txog yog yooj yim, nws ua li qhia cov tub ntxhais hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm atoms txoj kev lasers.After cov hluav taws xob dhia mus rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntau dua, nws tseem yuav tsum rov qab mus rau hauv lub xeev hauv av.Thaum txheej txheem, hluav taws xob tso tawm lub zog hauv daim duab ntawm photons (lub teeb me me). Koj yuav pom tias atoms tas li tso lub zog hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons.Piv txwv li, cov cua kub hauv qhov cub hloov tawm xim liab, thiab liab ib qho yog xim liab photon tso tawm los ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov atoms.Thaum koj saib cov duab ntawm lub TV, koj pom tias cov phosphorus atoms raug rau qhov sib txawv xim ntawm lub teeb tawm txim liab los ntawm high-ceev e lectrons.Any lub teeb hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov teeb roj fluorescent, roj roj thiab teeb qij uas tsis dhau lub teeb, raug tso tawm los ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob lub chaw nyob thiab tso duab hluav taws xob.
(3) kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov laser thiab lub atom.
Lub laser yog ib qho cuab yeej uas tswj cov kev tso tawm ntawm photons tawm los ntawm kev muaj siab atoms." Laser" yog luv luv rau lub teeb amplification los ntawm tsa emission ntawm hluav taws xob (tsa tawg lub teeb amplification) .Cov lub npe luv luv piav li cas laser works.Although muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lasers, lawv muaj ib co yooj yim characteristics.In lub laser, laser nruab nrab yuav tsum tau pumped ua kom muaj siab lub atoms.Generally hais lus, siab siv flashes los yog paug yuav tso pog xov xwm, uas muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm pog lub xeev (xws li high-zog electron atoms) .Tus laser muaj muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tus pog atoms rau koj khiav lag luam zoo . Feem ntau, atoms yuav tsum tau tsa kom nce mus rau ob lossis peb theem zog sab saud hauv av lub xeev.Qhov no nce qib ntawm qhov inversion ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom. Cov naj npawb inversion ntawm ib qhov me me yog cov naj npawb ntawm atoms hauv ib lub xeev zoo siab thiab lub xov tooj ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub hauv av state.When lub laser nruab nrab yog pumped, nws muaj xws li ib tug batch ntawm atoms nrog zoo siab heev electrons.Excited electrons muaj ntau dua lub zog tshaj tsawg-qib electrons.Just li el ectrons yuav nqus ib qhov nqi ntawm lub zog rau tus pog xeev, electrons yuav tso no energy.As qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no, electrons yuav tso ib co ntawm lawv lub zog li ntev raws li lawv txoj kev hloov mus rau ib tug tsawg dua level.The zog tso yog hloov mus rau hauv ib tug photon (lub teeb zog) form.The tawm txim liab photon muaj ib tug meej wavelength (xim), uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub zog lub xeev ntawm cov electron thaum lub photon yog released.Two atoms nrog tib electron lub xeev tso tawm photons ntawm tib wavelength.
(4) lub teeb xim laser yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb zoo tib yam.
Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: cov emission ntawm lub laser yog monochromatic.A laser muaj lub teeb uas muaj lub meej yoj hluav taws xob (qhov ntawd yog xim tshwj xeeb) .Qhov lub teeb ntom nti ntawm lub teeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub zog tawm ntawm hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau lub zog qis orbit.The tawm txim liab laser muaj zoo coherence.The laser muaj ib tug zoo qauv, thiab txhua photon li nram no lwm photon movements.In lwm yam lus, cov tsis ntawm tag nrho cov photons yog raws nraim lub same.Laser tau zoo directivity.The laser beam yog compact, feeb meej thiab nquag nquag.Hauv, lub teeb los ntawm lub teeb nyem tawg ntawm ntau cov lus qhia, nrog lub zog tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tshua muaj siab.Li kom ua tiav peb yam ntxwv no, koj yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua kev txhawb zog emission.Qhov qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tshwm sim hauv lub teeb nyem vim hais tias nws atoms yog across tawm txim liab photons.When raug rho tawm haujlwm, cov atom yog ib lub koom haum emission ntawm photons.A photon tawm txim liab los ntawm ib tug atom muaj ib tug meej wavelength, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov sib txawv hauv lub zog ntawm lub xeev muaj siab thiab lub xeev av.Yog hais tias lub photon (nrog qee lub zog thiab theem) ntsib lwm qhov atom, thiab cov atom muaj hluav taws xob hauv tib lub xeev zoo siab, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam.Qhov thawj photon tuaj yeem ua kom muaj siab lossis coj cov atom los emit photons, thiab tom qab ntawd emit photons (lub tshuab uas yees los ntawm ob lub atom) uas co ntawm tib lub zaus thiab cov kev taw qhia raws li lub photon nkag mus rau photon.Qhov tseem ceeb tivthaiv ntawm lub laser yog khub ntawm daim iav, nyob ntawm opposite xaus ntawm lub laser medium.The photon ntawm ib tug wavelength thiab theem yog reflected rov qab thiab tawm ntawm lub laser nruab nrab los ntawm cov rog xav txog ntawm daim iav ntawm ob ends.In tus txheej txheem, lawv yuav kov ntau electrons los ntawm high-zog orbit kom tsawg -qhov kev taug qab dhia, uas tawm ntau ntawm tib lub yoj yoj thiab theem ntawm photons, uas tom qab ntawd yuav muaj" dej tsaws tsag" nyhuv, thiab tom qab ntawd ceev ceev sib sau ntau ntau ntawm tib lub yoj yoj hauv laser thiab theem ntawm photons.Hauv iav rau ntawm ib sab ntawm laser siv US" cov lej ua" lo, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tsuas yog cuam tshuam qee feem ntawm lub teeb, thaum lwm lub teeb tuaj yeem nkag mus tau.Qhov kev nkag mus rau lub teeb yog lub laser.