Lub teeb amplification los ntawm stimulated emission ntawm hluav taws xob, los yog laser nyob rau hauv luv luv, yog ib tug ntaus ntawv uas tsim thiab amplifies electromagnetic tawg ntawm tej zaus los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm stimulated emission. Nyob rau hauv laser, tag nrho cov teeb rays muaj tib lub wavelength thiab lawv coherent; lawv tuaj yeem taug kev mus ntev yam tsis muaj diffusing.
Yuav kom nkag siab tias lasers ua haujlwm li cas, peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub atom muab lub teeb li cas. Ib qho atom yog qhov me tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, thiab nws muaj cov electrons. Los ntawm kev qhia ntxiv photon rau hauv lub atom, cov electrons raug yuam kom txav mus rau qib siab zog, thiab tam sim no lub atom nyob rau hauv lub xeev zoo siab. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog atom tsis ruaj khov thiab cov hluav taws xob ib txwm sim rov qab mus rau hauv av hauv lub xeev, yog li tso tawm lub zog ntau dhau uas nws tau txais los ua ib qho photon ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem no yog hu ua spontaneous emission, raws li qhia hauv qab no hauv daim duab. 1.
Lub laser muaj lub chamber nyob rau hauv uas atoms ntawm ib tug nruab nrab zoo siab, coj lawv cov electrons mus rau hauv siab dua orbits nrog ntau zog xeev. Thaum ib qho ntawm cov electrons no dhia mus rau hauv lub xeev qis zog, nws muab tawm nws lub zog ntxiv raws li photon nrog ib zaus. Los ntawm kev qhia ntau photons rau hauv lub cev, cov photons yuav kawg ntsib lwm lub atom nrog ib qho kev zoo siab electron, uas yuav ua rau lub electron dhia rov qab mus rau nws lub qub qub, emitting ob los yog ntau dua photons nrog tib zaus raws li thawj zaug thiab nyob rau theem nrog nws. . Cov nyhuv no cascades los ntawm lub chamber, tas li stimulating lwm yam atoms emit tsis tau ntau coherent photons, thiab cov txheej txheem no hu ua stimulated emissions. Hauv lwm lo lus, lub teeb tau nthuav dav, raws li qhia hauv qab no hauv daim duab 2
Tsis tas li ntawd, daim iav ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub chamber ua rau lub teeb rov qab thiab tawm mus thoob plaws qhov nruab nrab. Ib qho ntawm cov iav yog ib feem pob tshab, tso cai rau lub laser beam tawm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub chamber. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm tus naj npawb txaus ntawm cov atoms hauv nruab nrab los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud hauv lub xeev lub zog siab dua, koj cov emissions txuas ntxiv txhawb nqa, thiab cov txheej txheem no hu ua pej xeem inversion. Thaum kawg, nws tsim ib tug kwj ntawm coherent photons uas yog ib tug heev concentrated beam ntawm haib laser lub teeb. Lasers muaj ntau yam kev lag luam, kev ua tub rog, thiab kev siv txuj ci, nrog rau kev siv vuam, kev tshawb nrhiav lub hom phiaj, kev yees duab microscopic, fiber ntau optics, phais, thiab lwm yam.
Hom Laser:
Muaj ntau ntau hom lasers thiab hauv qab no yog tsib hom loj.
1. Gas lasers – ex. HeNe roj laser, thiab CO2 lasers uas tawm ntau pua watts ntawm lub zog. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev txiav thiab vuam hauv kev lag luam.
2. Tshuaj lasers – powered los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tso cai rau cov loj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog, feem ntau yog siv rau tub rog thiab ntawm heev wavelength. Ex. Hydrogen fluoride laser 2700nm.
3. Solid-state lasers - optically pumped los ntawm kev siv cov khoom nruab nrab uas yog doped, xws li ion doped crystalline lossis iav. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog laser pointer.
4. Fiber lasers - lub teeb yog coj los ntawm sab hauv kev xav hauv fiber ntau optical. Niaj hnub no lawv tau paub dav dav rau lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo nrog rau lub neej ntev. Qhov laj thawj yog vim muaj cov khoom ntawm fibers uas muab thaj chaw siab rau qhov ntim piv, uas tso cai rau kom txias txias thaum txhawb nqa kilowatts ntawm cov zis hluav taws xob tas li. Fiber's wave-guiding zog pab tswj lub teeb liab lub zog thiab txo qis distortion. Fiber lasers tau dav siv niaj hnub no rau kev sib txuas lus uas kis thoob plaws cheeb tsam ob peb kilometers ntev.
5. Semiconductor lasers – hluav taws xob twj
a) Lub teeb-emitting diodes (LEDs) - Nyob rau hauv ib lub diode tsim los ntawm ib tug ncaj bandgap semiconductor, xws li gallium arsenide, cov cab kuj uas hla lub hlws ris emit photons thaum lawv recombine nrog rau feem ntau carrier nyob rau sab nraud. Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv, wavelengths (lossis xim) los ntawm infrared mus rau ze ze ultraviolet yuav raug tsim. Txhua LEDs tsim incoherent, nqaim-spectrum teeb. LEDs kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov duab hluav taws xob qis hauv cov ntawv thov teeb liab. Ib qho LED tuaj yeem ua ke nrog photodiode lossis phototransistor hauv tib lub pob, los tsim ib qho opto-isolator.
b) Laser diodes - Thaum muaj cov qauv zoo li LED muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav resonant tsim los ntawm polishing lub ntsej muag kawg, lub laser tuaj yeem tsim. Laser diodes feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab rau kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag ceev.
Laser diode yog ib lub laser qhov nruab nrab yog ib tug semiconductor, tsim los ntawm ib tug pn junction, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3, thiab powered los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Rau ntau hom laser diode qauv, thov xa mus rau Cov Ntawv Ntxiv 3. Yeej, lub laser diode yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm semiconductor nti uas emits coherent lub teeb thiab lub monitor photodiode nti rau kev tawm tswv yim tswj lub hwj chim tso zis, nyob rau hauv ib tug hermetically ntim thiab kaw rooj plaub.
Cov khoom siv semiconductor uas siv los tsim pn hlws ris diodes uas emit lub teeb hnub no yog: Gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium antimonide, thiab gallium nitride. Yog vim li cas cov no tau raug siv yog vim muaj peb-tsib lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj chemical periodic table. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau doped hnyav heev los tsim P – N cheeb tsam, uas txwv tsis pub lwm tus, tawm hauv pab pawg peb-tsib txoj kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
Lawv cov wavelengths tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev hloov qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Piv txwv li, lub wavelength ntawm laser beam tsim los ntawm InP substrate tuaj yeem nce los ntawm kev nce cov ntsiab lus Indium lossis txo qis cov ntsiab lus phosphate. Ntev wavelength feem ntau qhia txog kev mus ncig ntev dua.
Raws li Wikipedia, Laser diodes yog cov naj npawb ntawm ntau hom laser, nrog rau xyoo 2004 muag ntawm kwv yees li 733 lab diode lasers, piv rau 131, 000 ntawm lwm hom lasers. Laser diodes pom dav siv nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus raws li yooj yim modulated thiab yooj yim txuas lub teeb qhov chaw rau fiber optics kev sib txuas lus.
Brandnew tuaj yeem muab lub zog hluav taws xob diode lasers thiab tshuab nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov zis hluav taws xob thiab wavelengths xws li laser nti, fiber ntau txuas laser diode, ib qho bar thiab siab zog diode laser array. BrandNews lub zog yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj ntse, engineering zoo, kev tswj cov txheej txheem, kev tsim khoom thiab ntim khoom. Peb cov khoom lag luam muab qhov kev xav no rau peb cov neeg siv khoom uas nkag siab sai sai tias peb cov kev daws teeb meem pab lawv txuag lub sijhawm hauv lawv cov RD photonic system thiab kev sib koom ua haujlwm.
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